Todos os demônios estão aqui: como a história visual da Revolução Haitiana falseia o sofrimento negro e sua morte / All the devils are here: how the visual history of the Haitian Revolution misrepresents Black suffering and death

O ensaio investiga as representações da Revolução Haitiana, sobretudo imagens publicadas em livros e periódicos, que construíram um imaginário colonial da morte e do sofrimento negro, invertendo os termos da dominação racial − como se as maiores vítimas tivessem sido as pessoas brancas. Ao analisar gravuras de ampla circulação, Marlene L. Daut demonstra como  essa construção estética bestializou e deturpou os significados da luta negra por sua própria liberdade. Aponta, por fim, para a importância de artistas contemporâneos que têm buscado retratar o heroísmo e a dor da população negra em contexto no qual permanecem as brutais violações de direitos humanos. Marlene L. Daut é professora de Estudos da Diáspora Africana no Carter G. Woodson Institute e no Programa de Estudos Americanos na Universidade da Virginia. É autora de Baron de Vastey and the origins of black Atlantic humanism (Palgrave, 2017) e Tropics of Haiti: race and the literary history of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic world, 1789-1865 (Liverpool, 2015). Publicado originalmente em Lapham’s Quartely, 14 de outubro de 2020.Palavras-chave: Revolução Haitiana. Sofrimento negro. Racismo. Representações artísticas. Imaginário colonial. AbstractThe essay investigates how representations of the Haitian Revolution, mostly images published in books and magazines, informed a colonial perception of Black death and suffering, by reversing the terms of racial domination − as if the great victims had been White people. By analyzing widespread illustrations, Dr. Marlene L. Daut demonstrates how this aesthetic construction bestialized and misrepresented the Black struggle for their own freedom. Finally, it points out the importance of contemporary artists who have sought to portray the heroism and pain of the Black population in a context in which brutal human rights violations remain. Marlene L. Daut is Professor of African Diaspora Studies in the Carter G. Woodson Institute and the Program in American Studies at the University of Virginia. She is the author of Baron de Vastey and the origins of Black Atlantic humanism (Palgrave, 2017) and Tropics of Haiti: race and the literary history of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic world, 1789-1865 (Liverpool, 2015). Originally published at Lapham’s Quartely, October 14, 2020.Keywords: Haitian Revolution. Black suffering. Racism. Artistic representations. Colonial imaginary

Migraine: a major debilitating chronic non-communicable disease in Brazil, evidence from two national surveys

Background Even though migraine and other primary headache disorders are common and debilitating, major health surveys in Brazil have not included them. We repair this omission by combining data on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) 2013 with epidemiological data on migraine prevalence and severity in Brazil. The purpose is to rank migraine and its impact on public healthh among NCDs in order to support public-health policy toward better care for migraine in Brazil. Methods Data from PNS, a cross-sectional population-based study, were merged with estimates made by the Brazilian Headache Epidemiology Study (BHES) of migraine prevalence (numbers of people affected and of candidates for migraine preventative therapy) and migraine-attributed disability. Results Migraine ranked second in prevalence among the NCDs, and as the highest cause of disability among adults in Brazil. Probable migraine accounted for substantial additional disability. An estimated total of 5.5 million people in Brazil (or 9.5 million with probable migraine included) were in need of preventative therapy. Conclusion On this evidence, migraine should be included in the next health surveys in Brazil. Public-health policy should recognize the burden of migraine expressed in public ill health, and promote health services offering better diagnosis and treatment

Application of Chinese Jun-Cao technique for the production of Brazilian Ganoderma lucidum strains

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom traditionally used in China against a wide range of diseases such as cancer and also for its prevention. In this work, commercial Chinese strains G. lucidum were compared to wild Brazilian strains aiming to determine the cultivation potential through the use of Jun-Cao. Six formulations were tested and the strains presented good response to the applied method. In general, the mixture between the grass and wood was well suited for the basidiomycetes, contributing to the preparation of substrates that generated better results in Jun Cao

A canine leishmaniasis pilot survey in an emerging focus of visceral leishmaniasis: Posadas (Misiones, Argentina)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An increasing number of reports are calling our attention to the worldwide spread of leishmaniasis. The urbanization of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been observed in different South American countries, due to changes in demographic and ecological factors. In May 2006, VL was detected for the first time in the city of Posadas (Misiones, Argentina). This event encouraged us to conduct a clinical and parasitological pilot survey on domestic dogs from Posadas to identify their potential role as reservoirs for the disease.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>One hundred and ten dogs from the city of Posadas were included in the study. They were selected based on convenience and availability. All dogs underwent clinical examination. Symptomatology related to canine leishmaniasis was recorded, and peripheral blood and lymph node aspirates were collected. Anti-<it>Leishmania </it>antibodies were detected using rK39-immunocromatographic tests and IFAT. Parasite detection was based on peripheral blood and lymph node aspirate PCR targeting the <it>SSUrRNA </it>gene. Molecular typing was addressed by DNA sequence analysis of the PCR products obtained by <it>SSUrRNA </it>and ITS-1 PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>According to clinical examination, 69.1% (76/110) of the dogs presented symptoms compatible with canine leishmaniasis. Serological analyses were positive for 43.6% (48/110) of the dogs and parasite DNA was detected in 47.3% (52/110). A total of 63 dogs (57.3%) were positive by serology and/or PCR. Molecular typing identified <it>Leishmania infantum </it>(syn. <it>Leishmania chagasi</it>) as the causative agent.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This work confirms recent findings which revealed the presence of <it>Lutzomyia longipalpis</it>, the vector of <it>L. infantum </it>in this area of South America. This new VL focus could be well established, and further work is needed to ascertain its magnitude and to prevent further human VL cases.</p